基于燃油消耗的工程机械排放因子研究

为获得工程机械的实际排放因子,利用车载排放测试系统（PEMS）对45辆典型工程机械进行实际工况排放测试. 测试工况包括怠速、行走和作业工况. 结果显示:行走和作业工况下排放速率波动明显,较大的排放峰值主要分布在作业工况下. 怠速工况下CO和HC排放因子相对较高,而作业工况下基于油耗的NO_x和PM排放因子高于怠速和行走工况. 推土机CO、HC和PM在3种工况下基于油耗的排放因子明显高于其他机械. 比较国1标准机械与国2标准机械发现,国2标准机械CO,HC,NO_x和PM在各个测试工况下的排放因子均有不同程度的降低.      

Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

Effect of heating rate on the electrochemical performance of MnO X @CNF nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers （CNFs） and MnOjc@CNF nanocomposites （MCNFs） are fabricated by electrospin- ning and investigated as free-standing electrodes for sup- ercapacitor. This work presents the effect of heating rate during carbonization on the electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared MCNFs electrodes in 6 mol/L KOH elec-trolyte. Results show that the MCNFs electrodes carbon- ized by relatively slower heating rate exhibit higher specific capacitance. The electronic conductivity of the slow heated MCNFs electrodes is better than that of the fast heated electrodes due to the better crystallinity of the MnOx nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon layers forming on the surface of the Mn-loaded CNFs. These MCNFs electrodes demonstrate elevated rate capability and improved cycling performance without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.     

Acid condensation and heat transfer characteristics on H-type fin surface with bleeding dimples and longitudinal vortex generators

Acid condensation rate is an important factor denoting the acid corrosion, and the reduction of the acid condensation can significantly relieve the acid corrosive effect on the wall surface and improve the security of the equipments. In this study, the characteristics of both heat transfer and acid condensation of the finned tube in heat exchanger were numerically studied. In the numerical model, we simulated the acid condensation by considering the vapor-liquid equilibrium effect and multi-component diffusion effect. Based on the H-type finned oval tube, we proposed three novel types of fins to both enhance the heat transfer and reduce the acid condensation. The parametric effects of gas temperature, acid vapor concentration, water vapor concentration, and Reynolds number were investi- gated on different fin structures. The results show that the tube bank with the new structured fins can improve the performance on both heat transfer and acid anticondensation.     

橡胶沥青胶结料的老化与再生研究

采用热氧老化的方法研究了老化对橡胶沥青胶结料粘弹性的影响规律,并通过添加再生剂对其软化点、针入度和延度等性能进行恢复。实验结果表明,老化后基质沥青和橡胶沥青的软化点升高、针入度变小、延度降低;老化过程中,基质沥青软化点和针入度的衰减率均大于橡胶沥青,但延度的衰减率则小于橡胶沥青;再生剂能够恢复橡胶沥青性能,但和原样沥青相比,软化点和延度有所降低,针入度则略有增加;延度的再生恢复效率最高,其次是针入度和软化点。     

氯化氢催化氧化反应器材质研究

选取哈氏C-2000、哈氏C-4、Inconel600、Incoloy825、316 L、Ni-6及纯Ta等7种有代表性的金属材料,开展了耐腐蚀性评价实验。根据实验前后挂片失重率与厚度变化情况及挂片在催化氧化反应体系中的腐蚀速率,确定了不同金属材料在氯化氢催化氧化反应体系中的耐腐蚀性。实验表明,Ta耐腐蚀性能最好,耐腐蚀率为0.309 3 g/(dm2·月)、0.053 0 mm/年;其次为Inconel 600,耐腐蚀率为0.566 8 g/(dm2·月)、0.230 2 mm/年。     

一类具有时滞及非线性感染率的病毒感染模型的稳定性及分支分析

将时滞及饱和发生率引入到一类具有初级细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLp)和效应细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLe)免疫反应的病毒感染模型,证明了改进后模型无病毒感染平衡点及无免疫平衡点的全局渐近稳定性.同时,给出了免役应答平衡点(正平衡点)产生Hopf分支的充分条件.最后,数值模拟验证了理论结果.     

季节性商品的二级供应链转运模型研究

以季节性商品供应链为背景,考虑由一个生产商和二个销售商组成的二级供应链结构,研究了由生产商的定价决策和销售商的订货决策构成的动态博弈框架,分析了(1)转运(不考虑顾客转移)与(2)无转运(顾客部分转移)两种情形下供应链各成员的博弈策略.数值模拟表明:转运策略的引入,使生产商的最优期望利润和销售商的最优订货水平得到了提高;从整体上看,转运策略增加了总体供应链的最优期望利润.     

普通群体与近交群体的对比分析

对普通群体与近交群体的有关概念、性质、影响因素、基因型频率的动态趋势以及随机交配率与随机交配指数对基因型频率的影响进行分析.结果表明:普通交配与近交的概念不同;随机交配率与随机交配指数性质不同;普通群体3种基因型频率在世代间的动态逐渐趋于平衡,近交群体3种基因型频率的动态趋于近交系数等于1的状态;随机交配率与基因型频率呈曲线相关,近交系数与基因型频率呈直线相关.     

有机蒙脱土对百菌清废水的吸附作用

以钠基膨润土为原料,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)进行有机改性,制得有机蒙脱土.研究了有机蒙脱土对有机氯农药百菌清废水的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH、温度、吸附时间以及有机蒙脱土用量对吸附率的影响.结果表明:百菌清溶液浓度为0.30 g/L、蒙脱土用量为10 g/L、pH为7、温度25℃、吸附时间为30min时,百菌清的脱除率可达82%.